Female Athlete ACL Injury: The role of physical therapy in providing a safe return to activity
This is part 1 of a 2 part series.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is a very common and extremely debilitating injury occurring in both male and female athletes. Unfortunately, due to various factors, female athletes are much more likely to suffer injury to the ACL. Studies suggest that female athletes are four to six times more likely to injure their ACL than male counterparts taking part in similar activities. Various theories exist as to why females are at greater risk, including non-modifiable (e.g., wider bony pelvic anatomy, hormonal factors) and modifiable risk factors.
As a physical therapist, I often interact with patients who on their initial visit will comment, “I need exercises for my back” or “I just need to get my back stronger.” Although exercise and increased strength are vital in low back health, a common misconception is that low back pain is a homogenous entity, essentially the same from one individual to the next. I frequently use the analogy of a patient with chest pain being seen in the Emergency Room. If every patient that was seen for chest pain were treated for a heart attack, how successful would that treatment be? How would the patient with gastric reflux or a collapsed lung respond to medications, or even surgery, to treat blockage of the arteries of the heart? Obviously, the answer is “not very well.” As we expect physicians to realize that there are many different causes (and treatments) for chest pain, physical therapists also are increasingly aware that not all back pain responds favorably to the same treatment techniques or exercise.