As the start of a new football season begins, the subject of concussions will again be a topic of discussion among coaches, players, and parents. However, concussions are something that can occur anytime and anywhere – not just on the football field or with sports activities.
A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body. This can occur during a collision on the field or court, but also happens in car and bicycle accidents, with falls, and in fights. A person does not have to lose consciousness to suffer a concussion. With proper rest and precautions, most people can expect a full recovery from a concussion injury.
Some typically recover within a week or two, but others may take several weeks. A more significant problem arises when a person sustains repeated concussions. This increases the risk of long-term problems with movement, learning, concentration, or speaking. To reduce the chances of getting a concussion, wear a properly fitting helmet and safety equipment when playing sports or engaging in recreational activities. Anyone who suffers a head injury should be immediately removed from the activity or sport. Symptoms may not appear immediately and can develop 24-72 hours after the injury. Anyone showing signs or symptoms should be seen by their doctor as soon as possible.
Common symptoms to look for include:
- Not being able to concentrate or think clearly
- Feeling slowed down, lethargic, “out of it”
- Unable to remember new information
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea, vomiting
- Fuzzy or blurry vision
- Sensitivity to light or noise
- Balance problems
- Slurred speech
Other less obvious symptoms are: difficulty falling asleep, sleeping more than usual, anxiety, easily upset or irritated, sadness.
Rest is the best way to recover from a concussion. This includes avoiding activities that are physically or mentally demanding. It is very important to allow the brain to heal and wait until all symptoms have been gone for a continuous period of time. Athletes should not return to any sports activities until officially cleared by their physician.